知识归纳
因为MySQL是使用User和Host两个字段来确定用户身份的，这样就带来一个问题，就是一个客户端到底属于哪个host。
如果一个客户端同时匹配几个Host，对用户的确定将按照下面的优先级来排
- 基本观点越精确的匹配越优先
- Host列上，越是确定的Host越优先，[localhost, 192.168.1.1, wiki.yfang.cn] 优先于[192.168.%, %.yfang.cn]，优先于[192.%, %.cn]，优先于[%]
- User列上，明确的username优先于空username。（空username匹配所有用户名，即匿名用户匹配所有用户）
- Host列优先于User列考虑
当你登录mysql服务器之后，你可以使用user()和current_user()来检查你登陆的用户。
- user() 返回你连接server时候指定的用户和主机
- current_user() 返回在mysql.user表中匹配到的用户和主机，这将确定你在数据库中的权限
当你登录服务器并执行MySQL的命令时，系统将检查你当前的用户(current_user)是否有权限进行当前操作。
- 首先检查user表中的全局权限，如果满足条件，则执行操作
- 如果上面的失败，则检查mysql.db表中是否有满足条件的权限，如果满足，则执行操作
- 如果上面的失败，则检查mysql.table_priv和mysql.columns_priv(如果是存储过程操作则检查mysql.procs_priv)，如果满足，则执行操作
- 如果以上检查均失败，则系统拒绝执行操作。
测试过程
创建3个用户名相同，HOST和权限都不同的USER
mysql> grant select on *.* to ''@'%' identified by '123';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> grant select,createon *.* to 'bruce'@'10.20.0.232' identified by '123';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)mysql> grant select,create,deleteon *.* to 'bruce'@'%' identified by'123';Query OK, 0rows affected (0.00 sec)
从另外一个机器登陆过来
[root@brucetest7 ~]# mysql -ubruce -p -h10.20.0.231Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.Your MySQL connection id is 5Server version: 5.5.20-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,and you are welcome tomodify and redistribute it under the GPL v2 licenseType 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type'/c'to clear the current inputstatement.MySQL [(none)]> show grants;+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Grants for bruce@10.20.0.232 |+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| GRANT SELECT, CREATEON *.* TO 'bruce'@'10.20.0.232' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD'*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257' |+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+1 row inset (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> select user(), current_user();+-------------------+-------------------+| user() | current_user() |+-------------------+-------------------+| bruce@10.20.0.232 | bruce@10.20.0.232 |+-------------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.03 sec)
明确的user,host,进行精确匹配，找到用户为'bruce'@'10.20.0.232'
删除掉这个用户再登陆
mysql> delete from mysql.userwhereuser='bruce'andhost='10.20.0.232';Query OK, 1row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)[root@brucetest7 ~]# mysql -ubruce -p -h10.20.0.231Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.Your MySQL connection id is 6Server version: 5.5.20-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,and you are welcome tomodify and redistribute it under the GPL v2 licenseType 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type'/c'to clear the current inputstatement.MySQL [(none)]>show grants;+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Grants for bruce@% |+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| GRANT SELECT, DELETE, CREATEON*.* TO 'bruce'@'%' IDENTIFIED BYPASSWORD'*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257' |+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+1 row inset (0.00 sec)MySQL [(none)]> select user(), current_user();+-------------------+----------------+| user() | current_user() |+-------------------+----------------+| bruce@10.20.0.232 | bruce@% |+-------------------+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
此时匹配的用户是bruce@%
然后把这个用户也删除，再登陆
[root@brucetest7 ~]# mysql -ubruce -p -h10.20.0.231Enter password: Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or /g.Your MySQL connection id is 8Server version: 5.5.20-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)This software comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software,and you are welcome tomodify and redistribute it under the GPL v2 licenseType 'help;' or '/h' for help. Type '/c'to clear the current inputstatement.MySQL [(none)]> show grants;+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Grants for @% |+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| GRANT SELECT ON*.* TO''@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257' || GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATEROUTINE, EVENT, TRIGGER ON `test`.* TO''@'%' || GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, CREATETEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATEROUTINE, EVENT, TRIGGER ON `test/_%`.* TO''@'%' |+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+MySQL [(none)]> select user(), current_user();+-------------------+----------------+| user() | current_user() |+-------------------+----------------+| bruce@10.20.0.232 | @% |+-------------------+----------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)
此时匹配的是''@'%' 用户
对于空用户，默认有对test或test开头的数据库有权限。
以上就是MySQL验证用户权限的方法，希望对大家的学习有所启发。